Animal Farm and the Russian Revolution of 1917 Essays

Animal Farm and the Russian Revolution of 1917 Essays Animal Farm and the Russian Revolution of 1917 Paper Animal Farm and the Russian Revolution of 1917 Paper Article Topic: Animal Farm Animal Farm Russian Revolution George Orwell’s book Animal Farm (distributed in1943) is a children’s story, however when firmly analyzed, it ends up being a purposeful anecdote to the Russian Revolution. The occasions in the book are firmly identified with the genuine occasions from The Russian Revolution. Likewise, the creatures (principle characters) are generally alluding to the Communist chiefs, for example, Leon Trotsky, Joseph Stalin, Karl Marx, and others. The book begins with Old Major addressing his kindred creatures (speaking to the individuals during the Revolution). Old Major speaks to either V. I. Lenin or Karl Marx. In any case, he is speaking to the dad of Communism. His discourse asks the creatures (â€Å"workers of the world†) to join against their monetary oppressors (people in the book, Hitler in the Revolution). Old Major kicks the bucket before he can see the manner in which his supporters continued, as Lenin additionally passed on before he had the option to observe conclusive outcomes of the Revolution. After Old Major (Lenin) passes on, the three pigs Napoleon (Joseph Stalin), Snowball (Leon Trotsky), and Squealer (Stalin’s proselytizer) build up the idea â€Å"Animalism†. This idea was actually an anecdotal method of clarifying Karl Marx’s Communist vision. This is the point at which the animals choose to revolutionary and assume control over Manor Farm, giving it the new name Animal Farm. Each animal buckled down on the homestead, and the revolt began as a triumph, as the Russian Revolution did. Beforehand, the creatures had have hard existences. Under Jones’ (Nicholas’) rule, the lives of a great many Russians deteriorated. The ranch is overwhelmed from Jones, speaking to when Nicholas’ own commanders pulled back their help of him. Nicholas left his seat planning to maintain a strategic distance from a common war, however the war showed up at any rate (as the Bolshevik Revolution). Nicholas, similar to Jones, was expelled from his place of rule. He kicked the bucket not long after. Trotsky’s thoughts were reflected when Snowball made arrangements to manufacture the windmill. He thought it was the most ideal approach to put Old Major’s(Lenin/Marx) speculations into training. Trotsky’s armed force is additionally appeared as the military of creatures Snowball coordinates to get oppose Jones. As Trotsky was ousted and murdered by Stalin’s operators, Snowball was pursued off the ranch by Napoleon. Stalin increased amazing tyranny; Napoleon increased incredible fascism. Force was esteemed, and barbarous demonstrations of fear and severity broke out. Napoleon’s hounds resemble Stalin’s mystery police that he used to wipe out to gain in complete power. Utilizing Squealer (promulgation), Napoleon picks up control and can influence the animal’s lives. The arrangement to assemble the windmill after all reflects Stalin’s Five Year Plan for developing the universes business and so on. At the point when Napoleon uncovers Old Major’s skull, it speaks to how Stalin requested Lenin’s body to be set in the holy place like burial chamber for Lenin. Napoleon’s beginning of the Order of the Green Banner is Stalin’s beginning of the Order of Lenin. The Battle of the Cowshed speaks to the Civil War that happened after the Revolution. Adolf Hitler is spoken to by Frederick who shaped a faithfulness with Stalin(Napoleon), however by one way or another wound up battling Stalin’s armed force later on. Frederick’s counterfeit cash uncovered that he hadn’t been a genuine partner to Napoleon. Stalin’s cleanse is appeared by Napoleon’s executions of the creatures that admitted. Stalin led to free himself of any conceivable danger, as Napoleon did in the book. As the hens rebeled against Napoleon, so did the mariners at the Kronshdadt army installation defy Communist rule†¦ the endeavors to revolt fizzled. The Battle of the Windmill later on in the book mirrors the U. S. S. R. ’s contribution in World War II (yet more explicitly the Battle of Stalingrad-1943). Stalin’s powers vanquished Hitler’s (as Napoleon’s powers crushed Frederick). Toward the finish of the book, the game speaks to the Tehran Conference, where Stalin, Winston Churchill, and Franklin Roosevelt met to examine the approaches to make an enduring harmony after the war. Orwell derides that harmony in the book by having Napoleon and Pilkington compliment one another and afterward sell out their temperaments by cheating in the game. Animal Farm was composed to ridicule Stalins degenerate principle in Russia. It was composed dependent on The Russian Revolution, however it certainly shows how any Revolution can turn out badly and turn crazy, as in the book. Fundamental THEME: â€Å"The hypothesis of a nation in which everybody is without equivalent and upbeat is nevertheless a dream, a trickiness of the real world, which is, that ‘power debases and total force taints absolutely’. That once spoiled with the sentiment of intensity, most will go as far as any level, and do whatever the expense to keep up that power. †

Science vs Aging Essay -- Research Papers Essays

Science versus Aging Proposition Statement: Medicinal services and science assets ought to be moderately designated to our maturing populace, concentrating on giving quality to the maturing a very long time without depleting resources in a careless endeavor to broaden life. Presentation: The segment projections in the United Sates are huge. Somewhere in the range of 1982 and 2030 the middle age will move from 30.6 to 40.8 years and the extent of the populace more than 65 will go from 11.6 to 21.1 percent (Committee on the Aging Society, 1985). People more than 85 are the quickest developing age gathering, multiple times more various than in 1900 (Callahan, 1995). This is likewise a worldwide issue; by 2040 most created nations will have 30 percent of their populace more than 60 (Hanson, 1994). These figures request our consideration on issues of maturing. Most older need monetary help and are altogether subject to bring down age gatherings. In the 1930's the greater part of the older lived beneath the neediness line. Standardized savings decreased this figure to 15.7 percent by 1980. multi year-olds get half percent of their yearly salary from standardized savings (Committee on the Aging Society, 1985). The remainder of their pay regularly originates from annuity plans or family reserves. Older populaces devour fundamentally more clinical assets than other age gatherings. In 1984 old were 12% of our populace, however expended 31% of clinical assets; by 2040 they are relied upon to devour 45 %. The Federal Government at present spends around $200 billion on social insurance for the old, which still just covers 67% of the consumptions. The staying 33%, or $100 billion, must be secured by older and their families (Callahan, 1995). These monetary consumptions have social conseq... ...the Aging Society. (1985). Maturing America: Health in an Older Society. Washington DC: National Academic Press. 7. Finch, C. E. (1978). The Brain and Aging. In The Biology of Aging (pp.301-309). New York: Plenum Press. 8. Fries, James F. (1986). The Compression of Morbidity. Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly, 61: 3, 347-355. 9. Hanson, Mark J. (1994). How we Treat the Elderly. Hastings Center Report, 24:5, 4-8. PMID: 8002311 10. Harley, Calvin B. (1996). Telomeres. In Encyclopedia of Gerontology (Vol. 2, pp. 539-543). Washington DC: Academic Press. 11. Kirkwood, T. B. (1977). Development of Aging. Nature, 270:2, 301-304. 12. May, William F. (1996). Testing the Medical Covenant. Excellent Rapids: Eerdmans Publishing. 13. Grumpy, Henry H. (1994). Four Scenarios for an Aging Population. Hastings Center Report, 24:5, 32-34. PMID: 8002308

Compounds Based on Port

Mixes Based on Port Mixes Based on Port Mixes Based on Port By Mark Nichol This post records and characterizes compound words in which the subsequent component is the word port, got from the Latin word portare, which means â€Å"carry.† Air terminal, parking space, heliport, and seaport allude to areas where the vehicles and vessels inferred by the individual prefixes leave and return (and stay between employments). To apport (truly, â€Å"carry to†) is to move or produce something through heavenly methods, and an apport is something so moved. To comport (â€Å"carry with†) is to concur or to act. (Similarly as with most however not all words highlighting a prefix connected to port, the thing is shaped by adding - ation.) Deport (â€Å"carry away†) for the most part alludes to removing an individual to their nation of origin. Disport has a similar exacting significance however by and large alludes to delight or redirection. Game is a truncation of disport that generally alludes to athletic exercises (initially occupied with for diversion as a relief from one’s daily practice). Game can mean â€Å"engage in sport,† however as an action word it all the more regularly replaces wear in a vehement sense (as in â€Å"He brandished another tie†), however it is likewise an equivalent for quip or scorn. As a thing, sport alludes to an athletic movement, and the plural structure means a few or every such action all things considered. Game has additionally been utilized as a well disposed term for straightforwardly tending to a kid (as in the welcome â€Å"Hey, sport!†). The modifiers brandishing, sportive, and energetic have unmistakable undertones: Sporting methods â€Å"suitable for sport,† as a rule with regards to chasing hounds, or may allude to betting or to hazard; in a logical setting, it implies â€Å"tending to change freely.† (The verb-modifying structure is sportingly.) Sportive alludes to games, for the most part those directed on a field, yet it might likewise have a meaning of â€Å"playful† or â€Å"wanton.† (The thing structure is sportiveness, and sportively is the word intensifying structure.) Sporty relates to sports or individuals or things related with them (or to sports vehicles, so named on the grounds that their plan and execution are enlivened by race vehicles). Energy is the thing related with this term, and the word intensifying structure is sportily. Fare (â€Å"carry out†) and import (â€Å"carry in†) allude, as action words, things, and descriptors, to merchandise brought into or convey from a nation available to be purchased somewhere else; with regards to PCs, the terms indicate development of a document starting with one program then onto the next. Visa, the word for an archive that approves travel to one nation from another, got from the thought of having the option to pass, or addition section to, a port when going by transport. By augmentation, it likewise relates to consent to head off to some place or something that empowers somebody to accomplish acknowledgment or passageway. To indicate (â€Å"thoroughly carry†) is to guarantee, or to resemble something, regardless of whether substantial or not; the word can likewise be an equivalent of mean or reason. As a thing, indicate alludes to the significance or substance of something or to a verifiable or unequivocal importance. Affinity (â€Å"carry back†) is a profound, understanding connection between two individuals. Obtained from French, in English it initially had a similar significance as report (â€Å"carry back†), which implies â€Å"make a recorded, spoken, or composed explanation or summary† or â€Å"present a record or announcement†; a report is such a message. A columnist is a writer who covers news (the demonstration of announcing is likewise called reportage), and a court journalist records procedures in hearings and preliminaries. To report for obligation is to appear at an assigned spot and time to do a duty, for the most part with regards to military assistance. To help (â€Å"carry under†) is to help with enthusiastic, money related, physical, or verbal help, to advocate or authenticate, or to hold up a structure. Backing is likewise a thing portraying such help (supportance and supportation are two out of date varieties), and a supporter is someone or something that gives it. Transport (â€Å"carry across†) implies â€Å"convey from one spot to another,† however it likewise has the stylish implication of feeling cheerful feeling, and verifiably it alludes to sending somebody to an abroad correctional state as discipline. Somebody who transports is a transporter. (The term has additionally been utilized in the Star Trek establishment to allude to a gadget that dematerializes and rematerializes matter to move it starting with one spot then onto the next.) Transport is likewise a thing relating to a vehicle or vessel that conveys individuals or potentially things, a surge of pleasurable feeling, or a convict sent to a correctional state. The demonstration of moving individuals or things, or a method of doing as such, is transport or transportation, and the nature of having the option to be moved is transportability; something that can be moved is transportable. Need to improve your English in a short time a day? Get a membership and begin getting our composing tips and activities every day! Continue learning! Peruse the Vocabulary class, check our famous posts, or pick a related post below:The Yiddish Handbook: 40 Words You Should KnowHow Long Should a Paragraph Be?Affect versus Impact

Free Essays on Dead Man Walking

Dead Man Walking The film â€Å"Dead Man Walking† raised some significant inquiries. Questions concerning moral, loathe, love, pardoning, equity, and compromise. As well as though capital punishment is a suitable and only discipline for a wrongdoing. All through this film there was a ton of despise. There was so much outrage and attitude in the entirety of the characters. Matt Poncelet was a befuddled and disdainful person. He was so covered with outrage that he didn’t even truly comprehend what his genuine emotions were. He thought he was this enormous, awful, intense individual yet he truly wasn’t. Inside he was a frightened little youngster. He accepted that he was strong and that nobody could contact him. It wasn’t until the end when he was in his cell anticipating his passing that he truly took ownership of what he was and the things that he did. The guardians of the two casualties were likewise loaded up with abhor and outrage. They despised their children’s executioners, however who wouldn’t despise the enemies of your family. They were blinded by their loathe. All they needed was to see the man that slaughtered their kids dead. It appears to me that detest was the fundamental driver for the entirety of the issues in the film. Now and again individuals need to simply unwind and allow things to occur. Contempt is an ailment that executes. Contempt murdered the children, disdain executed Mathew Poncelet, and scorn slaughtered the marriage of the casualties guardians. Despise makes individuals nervous, they hop and detonate at the scarcest thing. Abhor in undesirable, it destroys within you and gets to your character. Loathe changes individuals for the more regrettable. Individuals need to figure out how to excuse others for their activities. The guardians of the casualties didn’t essentially need to excuse Matt Poncelet however they expected to let it proceed to have him get his discipline. They expected to comprehend that in any event, when he was executed it would not bring back their youngsters. It might cause them to feel better in any case, it despite everything wont transform anything. Everything will in any case be... Free Essays on Dead Man Walking Free Essays on Dead Man Walking Dead Man Walking The film â€Å"Dead Man Walking† raised some significant inquiries. Questions concerning moral, despise, love, pardoning, equity, and compromise. As well as though capital punishment is a proper and only discipline for a wrongdoing. All through this film there was a ton of loathe. There was so much outrage and manner in the entirety of the characters. Matt Poncelet was a confounded and scornful person. He was so veiled with outrage that he didn’t even truly recognize what his genuine emotions were. He thought he was this huge, awful, intense individual yet he truly wasn’t. Inside he was a terrified little youngster. He accepted that he was strong and that nobody could contact him. It wasn’t until the end when he was in his cell anticipating his demise that he truly took ownership of what he was and the things that he did. The guardians of the two casualties were additionally loaded up with despise and outrage. They loathed their children’s executioners, yet who wouldn’t abhor the enemies of your kinfolk. They were blinded by their abhor. All they needed was to see the man that slaughtered their kids dead. It appears to me that abhor was the fundamental driver for the entirety of the issues in the film. At times individuals need to simply unwind and allow things to occur. Contempt is an infection that slaughters. Contempt executed the children, disdain slaughtered Mathew Poncelet, and scorn murdered the marriage of the casualties guardians. Detest makes individuals anxious, they bounce and detonate at the scarcest thing. Detest in unfortunate, it consumes within you and gets to your character. Loathe changes individuals for the more awful. Individuals need to figure out how to pardon others for their activities. The guardians of the casualties didn’t fundamentally need to pardon Matt Poncelet yet they expected to let it proceed to have him get his discipline. They expected to comprehend that in any event, when he was executed it would not bring back their youngsters. It might cause them to feel better be that as it may, it despite everything wont transform anything. Everything will even now be...

Topics For Reflective Essay

Topics For Reflective EssayIf you've been struggling with your reflective writing skills, it's a good idea to take a look at the topics for reflective essay. The type of essay that you should be looking at is one that gets out of the way and tells you something new about yourself or the world around you. There are many different ways to write a reflective essay, but one of the best things you can do is to start with a topic that relates to your interests and goals.Reflective essay topics should be centered on what matters most to you in life. This will help give you some direction as you write the essay and helps you relate the information to your own life.The main reason for this is to take away any lingering doubt that you might have about who you are. When you are confident and happy with who you are, then the question of why you were born has less significance. By telling someone else about this aspect of yourself you are actually educating them about you, rather than teaching th em something. They'll gain a better understanding of you, which will add to their own understanding of the world.Education is one topic that gets overlooked in writing about one's self. Many writers just shy away from this topic, thinking it is too much for them to handle. However, by writing about your interests, you will be able to educate yourself in areas that interest you.Writing about your interests can be done in any medium, but the best way to do it is through an essay. A lot of research and writing time is saved by using this method, because the information can be condensed and kept to the minimum. Also, there is no need to worry about losing the reader's attention.Even as a student in high school, I was always interested in subjects that would make me interesting. This led me to write about a lot of things. This was my education.I also love to research interesting topics and write about them. I'd go to the library and read the books and articles I could find. There were ev en some people that gave me money for research, which helped to grow my knowledge and writing skills.Reflective essay topics can take care of themselves, especially if you are willing to research and write about them. It may take some time, but once you learn a little bit about yourself, you'll find you enjoy it more.

Music in Springtime and MIT

Music in Springtime and MIT [by Ken Haggerty 11] Last Thursday was THE perfect day. The sky was cloudless and the temperature was 73 degrees Fahrenheit. I had only two recitations to go to, so I decided, being the music lover that I am, to head over to Baker House to hear the wonderful sounds a piano can make on a beautiful spring day when pushed off the roof of a 7-story dormitory. The answer: a loud and resounding thud. EPIC FAIL!!!! But Im being harsh. It was certainly entertaining, and the fake-out was funny, but they should have tossed the upright piano onto the baby grand instead of the other way around. Dont they know that baby grand pianos are structurally much stronger than upright pianos? I thought MIT students were smarter than that, but I guess I was wrong :P Just kidding. Nevertheless, my friends and I gathered around the frazzled remains of both the upright and baby grand and took advantage of the opportunity to have our photos taken next to the shattered fragments. We also took a few mementos. (For these photos check out Paul Baranays blog which should have them up soon. Hes a fellow Poriferan who was at the drop with me.) Unfufilled by the lack of dissonance the piano drop should have caused, I decided I needed to hear some real music. I checked the MIT Arts Calendar and saw that there was a Jazz Singer named Sheila Jordan who would be performing that night with the Harvey Diamond Trio from the Vermont Jazz Center; so at 8:00pm that night, I headed over to Killian Hall (Building 14, just outside of Hayden Library) to hear her sing her stuff. (From L to R): Harvey Diamond, Sheila Jordan, and Tal Gamlieli perform jazz in Killian Hall on April 24th. Not pictured: Scott Goulding, on drums. She was really good. She sang songs by Irving Berlin and Abby Lincoln, to name two. I liked how she was extremely comfortable performing in front of a group [kind of to be expected] but more specifically, I liked how she improvised and had fun and made it conversational, chatting it up with Harvey Diamond (on piano), Tal Gamlieli (on bass), and Scott Goulding (on drums). It was great not only to hear her sing but to hear some of her history: about the good ol days when she lived on 52nd Street in Manhattan and spent her days with Jazz greats like Fats Waller and Miles Davis and also how its been tough work making a living off of jazz. It really made me want to get back into music; Ive played the viola since the fourth grade and I only stopped this year because I anticipated, MIT being MIT, not having enough time for viola; and, both fortunately and unfortunately, it turned out that I definitely could have made time for it. Im going to practice over the summer and audition next fall, either for MITSO or Chamber Music Society. I think if theres any little piece of advice Ive gained from my MIT experience thus far, its that you can definitely do anything you want so long as youre willing to make time for it and commit to it. By the end of the concert (sponsored by the Council for the Arts), it was 9:15pm, and I decided that, after a day of celebrating music in all its forms, it was probably time to head back and finish my 7.013 PSet.

Analysis Of The International Business Environment Business Essay - Free Essay Example

In analyzing environment it is important to identify the factors that might in turn affect the numbers of vital variables that are likely to influence the organization supply and demand levels and it cost(Johnson and Scholes, 1993). Macro environment is accessed through PESTEL frame work which helps us to identify how present and future trends in political,economic, social, technological, environmental and legal environment might HP. HP operates in more than 170 countries around the world. We are going to identify how technology helps people and companies to address their problems and challenges by realizing their possibilities, aspirations and dreams. By implementing new ways and ideas which results in creating, good and worthy experiences with technology. The affect of +vital variables that are likely to influence the organizations supply and demand levels and its costs can be analyzed by the analysis of macro environment.(Kotter and Schlesinger, 1991; Johnson and Scholes, 1993). The radical and ongoing changes occurring in society create an uncertain environment and have an impact on the function of the whole organization (Tsiakkiros, 2002). The vast number of possible issues that might affect an industry is analyzed by PEST analysis that categorizes environmental influences as political, economic, social and technological forces.The analysis examines the impact of each of these factors (and their interplay with each other) on the business. Kotler (1999) cl aims that PEST analysis is a useful strategic tool for understanding market growth or decline, business position, potential and direction for operations. The purpose of PEST analysis is that it aims to increase the strategic understanding of The attractiveness and evolution of the industry The needs of identified customer groups The capabilities of other organization targeting the same customers To identify the key success factor (KSFs) to compete in an industry The PESTEL analysis examines the impact of each of these factors (and their interplay with each other) on the business. The result then can be used to take advantage of opportunities and to make contingency plans for threats when preparing business and strategic plans (Byars, 1991). Main Aspects of PEST Analysis Economic conditions affect how easy or how difficult it is to be successful and profitable at any time because they affect both capital availability and cost, and demand (Thompson, 2002). F irms are interested to invest and grow with expectations of being profitable when the cost of capital is low and there is a demand in buyout. In opposite circumstances firms might find that profitability throughout the industry is low. Economic conditions influences the success and timing of the particular strategies. The opportunity to exploit a particular strategy successfully may depend on demand which exists in growth conditions and does not in recession. Although a depressed economy will generally be a treat which results in a number of organizations going out of business, it can provide opportunities for some (Robinson and et al., 1978; Thompson, 2002). The political and government policy are the main factors that influenced the economic conditions e.g Issue of whether European countries join, or remain outside, the single European currency is a case in point. At any one time either exported or imported goods can seem expensive or inexpensive, dependent upon currency exc hange rates. There are many other ways, however, in which government decisions will affect organizations both directly and indirectly, as they provide both opportunities and threats. While economic conditions and government policy are closely related, they both influence a number of other environmental forces that can affect organizations. Capital markets determine the conditions for alternative types of funding for organizations. They tend to be a subject to government controls, and they will be guided by the prevailing economic conditions. The rate of interest charged for loans will be affected by inflation and by international economics and, although the determining rate may be fixed by a central bank, as it is the case with the Bank of England, that will also be influenced by stated government priorities. According to Thompson (2002), government spending can increase the money supply and make capital markets more buoyant. The expectations of shareholders with regard to compan y performance, their willingness to provide more equity funding or their willingness to sell their shares will also be affected. In order to understand the presence of a number of required skills at both national and also at provincial or regional level, the understanding of labour market is essential and these skills are obtained through provision of training provided by either government or any other organizations. The Labour costs increase or decrease in accordance with the inflation level in the country or and region or by other events occurring in the industry as a whole is and mostly the labour cost is affected by the actions of trade or labour unions. The social and cultural environment of a country or an area where organization is based include in is self and affects the demand for a particular product and taste of the individual or consumers and these factors depend on and directly affected by the changes in fashion disposable income of people living in that area t ogether with general changes taking place in that particular environment (Thompson, 2002; Pearce and Robinson, 2005) The life cycle of a product changes with the time .A product life cycle start with a novelty when a product newly launched or a technology newly introduced and with the passage of time the product reached to its final stage of its life cycle on saturation with these changes an organization is required to therefore make changes in pricing strategy and also strategy to promote the particular product in order to suit the changing circumstances. There are products that are sold throughout the globe as they are since ages without any changes in either their make, shape, prices etc but the quantity of these products is very rare and unusual. In order to sustain it self in a volatile business environment an organization must be aware of its demographical composition or targeted market segments such as aging population working patters religious belongings ethnic backgro und etc as these factors have very important and significant affect on demand of the product organization provide. With these demographic changes come change in demand for particular product and services which may pose threat but also present an opportunity for the organization to introduce new products or services or to amend and differentiate the existing product. Technology is widely recognised by various literature on strategic management (Capron and Glazer, 1987; Johnson and Scholes, 1993; Jan, 2002), Technology plays a vital role in developing a competitive advantage of any industry in a business sector. In some conditions the government supervise some organizations to get competitive edge over other due to national interest.Advancement in technology is a is a biggest threat to those industries who are not getting technological edge in their business and products which is ultimately going to a loss in market share. Vice versa an industry which keeps its Equally, new t echnology could provide a useful input, in both manufacturing and service industries, but in turn its purchase will require funding and possibly employee training before it can be used. Palm, Inc. and Hewlett-Packard announced that HP would be acquiring Palm for 1.2 billion in cash and debt,[27]the deal officially closed on July 1, 2010.[28] In the months leading up to the buyout it was rumored that Palm was going to be purchased by either HTC, Dell, RIM or HP. The addition of Palm handsets to the HP product line provides some overlap with the current iPAQ mobile products but will significantly increase their mobile presence as those devices have not been selling well. The addition of Palm brings HP a library of valuable patents as well the mobile operating platform known as webOS. Briefly discuss the industry of sector: HP has successful lines of printers, scanners, digital cameras, calculators, PDAs, servers, workstation computers, and computers for home and small busines s use computers; many of the computers came from the 2002 merger with Compaq. HP today promotes itself as supplying not just hardware and software, but also a full range of services to design, implement, and support IT infrastructure. HPs Imaging and Printing Group (IPG) is the leading imaging and printing systems provider in the world for printer hardware, printing supplies and scanning devices, providing solutions across customer segments from individual consumers to small and medium businesses to large enterprises.[33] Products and technology associated with IPG include Inkjet and LaserJet printers, consumables and related products, Officejet all-in-one multifunction printer/scanner/faxes, Large Format Printers, Indigo Digital Press, HP Web Jetadmin printer management software, HP Output Management suite of software, LightScribe optical recording technology, HP Photosmart digital cameras and photo printers, HP SPaM, and Snapfish by HP, a photo sharing and photo products servic e. On December 23, 2008, HP released iPrint Photo for iPhone a free downloadable software application that allows the printing of 4 x 6 photos Key success factors International strategies (Competitive analysis) SWOT strengths Strong brand equity Diversified product portfolio (offerings spans personal computing and other access devices; imaging and printing-related products and services; enterprise information technology infrastructure, multi-vendor customer services, consulting and integration and outsourcing services) Solid market position in key segments Strong financial condition  opportunities Emerging markets, particularly BRIC countries e-Commerce expansion Restructuring of internal IT structure Imaging and printing businesses Weaknesses Internal control issues Lack of in-house management consulting division No aggressive investments in RD compared to historical spending Unrest among internal employees due to pay cuts and lack of people care Intellectual Capital is under estimated No Good People retention policy or HR practices to ensure IC is protected Threats Intense competition from other PC manufacturers Increasing competition on imaging and printing Slowdown in economic conditions in US, Europe Product recalls and supply chain disruptions   Move into new markets Evaluate your company strategies with other different companies Organisation strategy HPs Office of Strategy and Technology[37] has four main functions: (1) steering the companys $3.6 billion research and development investmen t, (2) fostering the development of the companys global technical community, (3) leading the companys strategy and corporate development efforts,[38] and (4) performing worldwide corporate marketing activities. Under this office is HP Labs, the research arm of HP. Founded in 1966, HP Labss function is to deliver new technologies and to create business opportunities that go beyond HPs current strategies. An example of recent HP Lab technology includes the Memory spot chip. HP IdeaLab further provides a web forum on early-state innovations to encourage open feedback from consumers and the development community.[39] Bench marking Porters demand perform the Industry Analysis it is better to follow Michael Porters five forces model. This analysis framework was created so that it helps managers in their task to analyze competitive forces to the company. (Hill Jones 80) This model is only one of the models that can be used for this task but it is one of the more popular models. Th e five forces that we will have to look at for this model are (1) the risk of new and potential competitors; (2) the bargaining power of suppliers; (3) the threat of substitute products; (4) the bargaining power of buyers; and (5) the degree of rivalry among established companies within an industry. (Hill Jones 80) The first force in Porters Five Forces Model is Entry Barriers. These factors are those that make it harder or easier for another company to enter into the industry. High barriers to entry will keep potential competitors out of the industry and low barriers to entry will give an opening for competitors to enter into the industry if the industry returns are high enough. (Hill Jones 82) The fewer competitors in an industry the more the existing companies can take advantage of higher prices and better returns.  Analysis marking GE marking and shell marking Effectiveness of international strategy Firm market entry strategy Growth strategies Potential development over 10 to 20 years Appropriate justified recommendation for improvement, development and international

Common Complementary And Alternative Medical Treatment...

Introduction Persistent and costly to treat, chronic low back pain is an important public health issue, with the most common Complementary and Alternative Medical treatment being yoga (Khan et al., 2016). In the randomized control trial by Sherman et al. (2011), the researchers studied stretching and yoga as an affordable and universal treatment for chronic low back pain. The trial had three intervention groups, a stretching group, yoga group, and self-care group, that were followed over 6 months, with a 3 month intervention and a separate 3 month follow up period, and interviews at the baseline, 6 weeks in (midway through the intervention), 12 weeks in (the end of the intervention), and at 26 weeks (3 months post intervention). Because†¦show more content†¦However, in this study the follow up interview was completed 3 months after the intervention finished. In another study comparing yoga to usual care provided by the doctor, there was significant improvement in the back functionality and decrease in pain after a year compared to usual care (Tilbrook et al., 2011). Because the study did not follow up with the three groups past 6 months, this study was not able to say whether stretching or yoga was a better treatment for chronic low back pain over time. What the researchers could do to change the limitation into a positive and innovative addition to the study would be to go back and interview the study participants at 1 year from the start of the trial and another year after that. A common method for studies like this is to have the participants return at the halfway point, at the end of the intervention, and 6 months after the end of the intervention (Williams et al., 2009). If the study was to have a longer follow up than the customary amount, it would change the study from examining the short term effect of yoga is on an individual’s chronic low back pain, and extend it to the long term effect on an individual’s chronic low back pain. It would be a pioneering prospective study on how yoga affects chronic low back pain over the course of years rather than 6 months. For a study to be

Analysis Of The Realistic Play A Doll s House

Evaluation of Gender in a Doll’s House Lorie Murphy Galen College Of Nursing Abstract In the realistic play â€Å"A Doll’s House† by Henrick Ibsen’s the cultural conflicts of the nineteenth century are shocking and controversial. The play helps portray the struggles women and men were faced with during that century with their roles. Being a male during this period showed more importance than the female’s role would have been. In the end this theory proves women can be just as responsible as a man. Evaluation of Gender in a Doll’s House Nora and all women of the nineteenth century were valued less and treated negatively. Women were expected to stay home and tend to children and perform all domestic duties. Women were to keep everything†¦show more content†¦Nora tries to plead Krogstad’s case to her husband and we find out that one of Krogstad’s transgressions was forging aa signature on loan documents. This entire situation could have been avoided if women were allowed to make such transactions. Nora Considered herself to be a â€Å"good doll† in the eyes of her father and her husband. She felt her father only paid attention to her when it was convenient for him or when he wanted to show her off. She felt the same way with her husband. Trying to dress her as he wanted, eating as he wanted her to and doing whatever he wanted. She felt as if she had minimal control over her own life and she is beginning to feel as if she is doing the very same thing with her own children. The children were primarily cared for by the maid and she only spent time with them when it was only convenient for her. Torvald on the other hand is doing just as he knows and what he thinks society is expecting of him. He knows it is the man role to be the breadwinner and he is expected that he will be able to do this with his new position at the bank. He believes the man shall make all financial decisions and direct his wife on when he thinks she should do as well as the house staff and the children to behave. He also believes his wife should not influence any of his business decisions. Kristine Linde is not the typical nineteenth century woman. Mrs. Linde is a widow, and is able toShow MoreRelatedA Dolls House Reaction Paper-Drama927 Words   |  4 PagesAngela Ericksen University of Phoenix The play â€Å"A Dolls House† was written by Henrik Ibsen. This play truly is an interesting, play and it really connects with how things can be in real life which helps the readers truly connect with it! Henrik Ibsen,  in full Henrik Johan Ibsen  was a major Norwegian play righter of the late 19th century who introduced to the European stage a new order of moral analysis that was placed against a severely realistic middle-class background and developed with economyRead More A Dolls House: Nora Essay964 Words   |  4 PagesAN  ANALYSIS  OF  NORA, THE MEN IN HER LIFE, AND  HER  NAVIGATATION  TO INDEPENDENCE nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The  play,  A  Doll  House,  written  by  Henrik  Ibsen  in  1879,  is  considered  a   landmark  in  drama  for  its  portrayal  of  realistic  people,  places,  and  situations.  Ibsen   confines  his  story  to  the  middle  class.  He  writes  of  a  society  that  is limited  not only  by  its  means  of  livelihood  but  also  its  outlook.  Ibsen  portrays  his characters    as  preoccupied  with  work  and  money, showing a reductionRead MoreInfluence Of The Body Features Of Barbie On The Ideal Feminine Body1275 Words   |  6 Pagesthe American toy company Mattel, Barbie has become the most famous and popular doll in the world. She has conquered more than 150 countries and over one billion Barbie dolls have been sold around the world since they were launched. Barbie is a young beautiful blonde who is rich and highly-skilled. Mattel claims that she can do more than 150 jobs and buy anything she wants, including clothes, convertible cars and houses. She works as a feminine model, telling girls that they are not worse than boysRead MoreA Doll House: English Analysis of Drama Essay2499 Words   |  10 PagesEnglish:  Analysis  of  Drama IN  THE  NAME  OF  THE  FATHER: AN  ANALYSIS  OF  NORA, THE MEN IN HER LIFE, AND  HER  NAVIGATATION  TO INDEPENDENCE    The  play,  A  Doll  House,  written  by  Henrik  Ibsen  in  1879,  is  considered  a   landmark  in  drama  for  its  portrayal  of  realistic  people,  places,  and  situations.  Ibsen   confines  his  story  to  the  middle  class.  He  writes  of  a  society  that  is limited  not only  by  its  means  of  livelihood  but  also  its  outlook.  Ibsen  portrays  his characters    as  preoccupied  with  work  and  moneyRead MoreA Dolls House Character Analysis1504 Words   |  7 PagesSometimes, characters in a novel or play go through a great dynamic change only to find their true self and to remove the fraudulent perception of themselves in the eyes of others. Such a change leads the character to become fully aware of their life as well as finally understand what a hypocritical life they have mistakenly led. At the beginning of Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House, Nora Helmer is shown as a childish and na ve housewife with a knack for spending money. This opinion is transferred mostlyRead MoreA Doll House by Henrik Ibsen7379 Words   |  30 PagesMa. Jennifer S. Yap Dr. Sherwin Perlas World Literature January 14, 2012 A Doll House by Henrik Ibsen Translated by Rolf Fjelde I. Introduction During the late nineteenth century, women were enslaved in their gender roles and certain restrictions were enforced on them by a male dominant culture. Every woman was raised believing that they had neither self-control nor self-government but that they must yield to the control of a stronger gender. John Stuart Mill wrote in his essay, â€Å"The SubjectionRead MoreIbsen11859 Words   |  48 PagesCommittee Member ______________________________ Kenneth Cleaver, Ph.D. Committee Member ______________________________ James Nutter, D.A. Honors Director ______________________________ Date Forshey 3 Abstract In Henrik Ibsen’s plays, A Doll’s House, The Wild Duck, The Lady from the Sea, and Hedda Gabler, the theme of captivity is demonstrated in the female protagonists Nora, Hedvig, Ellida, and Hedda. The theme of captivity also serves as a performance guide for the portrayal of theseRead MoreEssay on Preschool Development2454 Words   |  10 Pagesthe main point of the story. †¢ Level three – Application: At this level, the child can give examples of how the concept can or should be used. Children can draw lessons from the story, and determine how it can be used in real life. †¢ Level four – Analysis: Children can break down each idea presented to them, and then think of it in ways that were not introduced to them. At this level, a child can determine what an object does. †¢ Level 5 – Synthesis: This is the level where children will be able toRead MoreLifespan Development And Communication : Development2151 Words   |  9 Pagesinterrelate. These domains will be explained throughout 5 stages of development: perinatal, infancy, early childhood, school children and adolescence. Personal experiences will be linked to theories that have been formed by human development theorists. The analysis of my personal experiences will show how I have developed from the time I was conceived up until 18 years of existence. It will also include descriptions of my family, friends and how the environment and people outside my home have influenced theRead MorePublic Relations And Communication Plans Essay9523 Words   |  39 Pagesrelations include news releases, press conferences, speaking engagements, and community service programs. Although advertising is closely related to public relations—as it too is concerned with promoting and gaining public acceptance for the company s products—the goal of advertising is generating sales, while the goal of public relations is generating good will. The effect of good public relations is to lessen the gap between how an organization sees itself and how others outside the organization

White Collar Crime Coined By Edwin Sutherland - 2133 Words

Crime can occur on various platforms such as the streets of a neighborhood or at a corporation on Wall Street. As a result, crime and criminal behaviour can be explained using a broad set of theories presented by scholars with the focus ranging from the individual offender to the offender’s environment and external influences. White-collar crime coined by Edwin Sutherland, for example, is a crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his occupation (Tatham, 2016). The case of Stratton Oakmont in the 1990s is an example highlighting the complexity of white-collar crime and contributes to its understanding. Jordan Belfort, founder of Stratton Oakmont, was found guilty of securities fraud and money laundering, both of which are types of white-collar crime. Fraud, according to Benson and Simpson (2015), is a crime in which a professional uses his or her superior knowledge and expertise to take advantage of something. Over the course of their occupation, the brokers at Stratton Oakmont used their knowledge and expertise to deceive their clients and inflate the prices of stocks under Belfort’s instruction. Ultimately, this fraudulent activity led to Belfort’s and Stratton Oakmont’s illegal financial success. Explanations of general crime can be applied to white-collar crime. Scholars explain white-collar crime using different theories including differential association theory, anomie and strain theory, control theory and rational choiceShow MoreRelatedTaking a Look at White Collar Crimes667 Words   |  3 Pagesthis research paper that you are about to read you will learn something’s about white collar. You will be learning who coined the term, what it is, and you will also be learning who does it. The term white collar is define as- of or relating to the work done or those who work in an office or other professional environment. It was coined by the late great Edwin Sutherland in 1941. Sutherland said ‘’ white collar is a crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course ofRead MoreEssay on White Collar Crime and Corporate Crime1509 Words   |  7 PagesWhite Collar crime is not a crime unto it self, but instead a criteria that has to be met in order for a crime to be considered as White- Collar Crime; (Blount, 2002) hence the reason why Corporate Crime is also considered as White- Collar Crime. At the same time, White Collar Crime and Corporate Crime can be seen as distinct criminological categories, however, in order to reveal this, this essay will firstly be exploring Sutherlands definition of white collar crime and the perplexity with thisRead MoreA Perfect World, Economic Inequality1337 Words   |  6 Pageswith or deviated from based on a person’s zip code. If within this perfect world crime did exist, the ramifications of criminal acts would be blind to race, wealth, or family name. Unfortunately, the illustration of a perfect world is far from it, it’s nonexistent. The world we live in today is full of disparities. There are special rules and special laws for certain people especially when it comes to crime and punishment. Everyone is not created equal. Society looks up to the wealthyRead MoreWhite Collar Crime By Edwin Sutherland Essay2013 Words   |  9 PagesWhite Collar Crime by Edwin Sutherland, published in 1949, is a study in the theory of criminal behaviour. Sutherland states that this book is an attempt to reform the theory of criminal behaviour only, not to reform anything else. And although it may include implications for social reforms, this is not the objective of the book. Sutherland define white collar crime as ‘a crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his occupation’ (pp. 9). He adds thatRead MoreThe White Collar Crime By Edwin Sutherland1604 Words   |  7 PagesE dwin Sutherland coined the term ‘white-collar crime’ and defined it as â€Å"crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his occupation.† (Black, 2010). While Sutherland focused on the perpetrator and his/her characteristics and roles in committing the crime, there were flaws within this definition in that it would not endure the progression of white-collar crime. By focusing on the individual and paying more attention to the actual crime, criminologist andRead MoreWhite Collar Crimes And Criminal Offences1238 Words   |  5 Pagesthe last decade, check fraud has declined in recent years, and cyber crime is surging† (Scanio and Ludwig). Fraudulent activity is everywhere. It is a crime even though there are no victims. Scams, price fixing, wiring accounts, fraud of all sorts, etc are all types of white-collar crimes. Not all crimes that are committed are even performed by the Chief Financial Officer. It has becom e more accessible, to commit these crimes, with the mass amounts of internet and cellular towers available. WhileRead MoreConflict Theory : Conflict Criminology, And Sociology799 Words   |  4 Pages2002). In the 1960s, criminologists began to study the social conditions of the U.S. which promoted class conflict and crime. This paper will discuss how conflict theory relates to both criminology and sociology, how politics play a role in conflict theory, and how politics influence crime rates of the lower class. Also, this paper will evaluate various sociological schools of crime causation. â€Å"Conflict theory is the view that human behavior is shaped by interpersonal conflict and those who maintainRead MoreWhite Collar Street Crime Essay1198 Words   |  5 PagesWhite-Collar Crime or Street Crime: Which is More Costly to Society? What is crime? Merriam-Webster defines crime as â€Å"an act or the commission of an act that is forbidden or the omission of a duty that is commanded by a public law and that makes the offender liable to punishment by that law† (Merriam-Webster). There are many types of crime but the two this paper will focus on are street crime and white- collar crime. There is no definitive definition of street crime, but it is generallyRead MoreThe Growing Problem of White Collar Crimes in India19963 Words   |  80 PagesThe Growing Problem of White Collar Crimes in India â€Å"The practitioners of evil, the hoarders, the profiteers, the black marketers and speculators are the worst enemies of our society. They have to be dealt with sternly, however well placed important and influential they may be; if we acquiesce in wrongdoing, people will lose faith in us†- Dr Radhakrishnan Methodology The research methodology used for the present research article is traditional DoctrinalRead MoreCrimes Of Privilege: White Collar Crimes And The One Percent.1970 Words   |  8 PagesCrimes of Privilege: White Collar Crimes and the One Percent White collar crime has been recognized as something that is an issue since 1939 when it was brought up in a political meeting by Edwin Sutherland. Sutherland was interested in the fact that people of the working class were not being noticed for the crimes that some of them are involved in. The concern was that the criminal activity that was being addressed during this time were predominantly trivial crimes. While they were getting all

The Functions and Role of Law in Business and in Society

Functions and Role of Law in Business and Society Law plays an important role in the creation and maintenance of a just and orderly society. In the absence of law, anarchy would most likely prevail. It is also important to note that to a large extent, law regulates and guides the interactions humans have in their day to day undertakings be it in business or in other aspects of their daily lives. In seeking to highlight the key functions and role of law in business and society, it would be prudent to first offer a concise definition of the term law. In the past, various authors and scholars have offered a variety of definitions to the term law. For this reason, this particular term does not have an assigned definition. However, for purposes of this discussion, it is the definition William Blackstone gave to the term that will be embraced. Law according to Blackstone (as cited in Mann, 2013, p. 3) is a rule of civil conduct prescribed by the supreme power in a state, commanding what is right, and prohibiting what is wrong. One of the key functions of law in the opinion of Mann (2013) is maintenance of stability in not only the social system, but in also the economic and political systems as well. To accomplish this general function, the law according to the author also concerns itself with a number of other specific functions. These functions include but they are not in any way limited to state preservation, property protection, and dispute resolution. In theShow MoreRelatedRoles and Functions of Law in Business and Society Essay908 Words   |  4 PagesRoles and Functions of Law in Business and Society Introduction William O. Douglas said, â€Å"Common sense often makes good law.† Well that is what laws essentially are, rules and regulations that make sure common sense is followed. One could even say that laws are enforced ethics. Laws serve several roles and functions in business and society, and this paper will discuss those roles and functions. What is law? According to Reference.com (2007), law is defined as: â€Å"rules of conduct of any organizedRead MoreThe Functions and Role of Law in Business and Society: Case Study of Cipollone vs. Liggett Group Inc677 Words   |  3 Pagesdefine the functions and role of law in business and society. This work will discuss the role of law in the past or present job or industry of the writer. Introduction The case of Cipollone v. Liggett Group, Inc. relates the 1965 Federal Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act which specifically requires that a conspicuous label warning of smokings health hazards be placed on every package of cigarettes sold. This case is centered on the meaning and application of this act. Business law throughRead MoreRole and Functions of Law1056 Words   |  4 PagesRole and Functions of Law: Law is a concept that has evolved from basic morality with which the society cannot function properly without. Generally, law is associated with the customs and traditions that the society considers to be right or wrong. As a concept that has developed throughout the history of many societies, law has become an important facet in todays businesses and society. Notably, this concept has been part of the society since the period of the most primitive societies where itRead MoreRole and Functions of Law Paper761 Words   |  4 PagesRole and Functions of Law Paper Role and Functions of Law â€Å"Law plays a significant role in the successful operation of business and society† (Bushman, 2007). Laws help to keep behavior intact and regulate standards. Law sets rules and expectations. They also provide ways to dispute issues while serving as an enforcer. The law allows individuals to enjoy freedom, live in a fair society, check government, and have justice. The law is very complex, thereforeRead MoreRole and Functions of Law842 Words   |  4 PagesRole and Functions of Law Introduction Over time man has evolved from an uncivilized primate to a technological driven working machine, but that evolution could not have occurred without law. Law gives the backbone a society needs to flourish in a civilized and more or less positive way. Although laws in most societies are not perfect, they keep society members in check and prevent chaos from running amok. In this paper I will discuss the major roles and functions of law will be discussed includingRead MoreRole and Function of Law907 Words   |  4 PagesRole and Function of Law Paper Andrew Urey LAW/421 July 10, 2013 Winifred Cannon Role and Function of Law Paper In society as well as a business, law plays a significant role in their daily operation. For a society to be efficient and effective, laws have to be put into place to regulate social behavior. This paper intent is to define the functions and role of law in business and society. Finally, an example of how law is observed in the United States Navy will be elaborated upon. Read MoreRoles and Function of Law737 Words   |  3 PagesRoles and Functions of Law Laws must be observed in order for business, society, and local government to operate proficiently. Laws are put into place to help keep people’s behaviors in order and to regulate standards. Law is a body of rules of action or conduct prescribed by controlling authority and having legal binding force. The common characteristic of the current state of law is that it creates duties, obligations, and rights that reflect accepted views of a given society (Melvin, 2011). TheRead MoreRoles and Functions of Law1035 Words   |  5 PagesRunning head: Role and Functions of Law Role and Functions of Law LAW/421 University of Phoenix Role and Functions of Law Every civilization that has existed has implemented rules that govern how that civilization should live and act, these rules and practices are what we call laws. The definition of law according to Merriam-Webster (2012), a binding custom or practice of a community: a rule of conduct or action prescribed or formally recognized as binding or enforced by a controllingRead MoreEssay on The Roles and Functions of Law881 Words   |  4 PagesThe Roles and Functions of Law LAW/421 September 9, 2012 The Roles and Functions of Law The longest serving Supreme Court Judge William O Douglas most popular quotations is â€Å"Common sense frequently makes great law† This quote is what laws are rules and regulations that make common sense is, and to enforced ethical decision. Laws help the public as well as keep many parts in community. In business and society laws serve several roles and functions, and this paper will discuss those roles andRead MoreEssay on Role and Functions of Law960 Words   |  4 PagesRole and Functions of Law The law is a delicate yet malleable set of rules and principles that are formed to suite the needs of those deciding its purpose. The role of law for business and society is to provide set rules and procedures that fall within general functions which reflect the position of the people. In various types of governments the law is adjusted to suite the needs of the dictator, its citizens or its elected body as seen fit. In a republic, such as the United States of America

Heroin and Pretty Good Book Free Essays

Jude by Kate Morgenroth is a story about a fifteen year old named Jude. It’s a pretty good book about a kid who struggles in a drug and murder world. Jude’s mom abandoned him when he was young. We will write a custom essay sample on Heroin and Pretty Good Book or any similar topic only for you Order Now His dad was drug dealer that mainly deal with heroin. Sadly his dad was murdered and he was a witness. He can’t go to the police or his life will be in danger. This is the story of a fifteen year old named Jude. When his dad dies of an overdose he is alone. Till his mom with open arms lets him in her life. The fact that his mom has a boyfriend didn’t make his stay easier. On top of that he is a police officer named Harry. Harry is a good guy but a stereotype towards Jude cause of his history with his dad. His mom thinks it would be best if he went to a private school. Jude didn’t like it and didn’t have many friends. One day a classmate dies of a overdose and Jude is the first person everyone looks at. Cause of his history with his dad he is held for trial for murder. Jude has a court date for his murder trial. Though innocent, he has no evidence to prove otherwise. His mom is worried and Harries trying to get the evidence to prove him not guilty. Jude is pretty much in his own world. This fifteen year old boy with a worried mother and died dad. All he can do is blame his dad for this horrible history he is left with. Then his mom’s boyfriend goes to his room to give him the news. He tries to explain the risky scheme he has came up with. Jude thought it was either the plan or jail so he decides to go through with it. The plan that Harry came up with was risky but it was all they got. He explains how he has to get his friend Anna elected for an anti-drug campaign that would clear his name and his history. He got news that he was going to be tried as an adult for his trail. It worried him that if the plan doesn’t work he could do up to 5 years. So he helps Harry on his plan to prove his innocents. It worked, he got Anna elected for the anti-drug campaign. When trail was up the biggest twist I have ever read. Harry double crossed him and got him sent to 5 years of hard labor. The plan was for finical gain towards the campaign and getting Jude out of the way. This story about a fifteen year old boy named Jude. About his drug, murder, and jail filled life. His life started with a dead drug dad and a mom that didn’t even want him. Now he is jail doing 5 years cause of his mother’s boyfriend. This is a story of a boy and his messed up world. This is probably the best book if u likes twist and action. I recommend this book to older teens like 15+ but a really good book. How to cite Heroin and Pretty Good Book, Essay examples

Manfold Toy Essay free essay sample

The debate regarding the role of business in society has persisted over decades. Given the increase in corporate scandals and anti-globalization movements, business corporations are being increasingly pressured to engage in activities or conditions that relate to the company’s core operations. The Increasing institutional pressures to behave as good citizens coupled with the relentless pressure from financial markets to perform, poses a challenge for managerial decision making. In this essay, I will provide my definition of   good business ethics, describe the specific challenges that management faces when engaging in international business, express how Manfold Toy’s corporate governance failed to take part in ethical business behavior and provide recommendations to strengthen these governance features to ensure future ethical business practices. b. Discussion of your main ideas (Weight: 40%): about 1. 5 page Definition of good business ethics Good business ethics are the application of a moral code of conduct that guide the way a business behaves. Ethical business practices include assuring that the highest legal and moral standards are applied and observed through actions, decisions and relationships within the business community. This definition runs hand-in-hand with socially accepted ethical principles; business actions must be judged in the context of society’s standards of what is ethically right and wrong. Businesses have a social responsibility to use this ethical behavior while making decisions and taking actions in order to enhance societal well-being. Management accountability to stakeholders for profit making A stakeholder is an individual who has interest in company performance, hence is an employee of that company. They also have legal decision-making rights and may control project scheduling and budgetary issues. Given the responsibilities of stakeholders, management should provide full and timely disclosure of relevant information to shareholders and engage in transparent business practices. Socially responsible business behavior Socially responsible behavior: discretionary decisions and actions taken by individuals in organizations to enhance societal well-being. In taking decisions and actions that enhance societal welfare, these individuals are putting their virtues in the service of the common good. This requires, however, the capacity to take into consideration the situational constraints, the interdependencies, and the multiple, often conflicting demands of various stakeholders. In the long term we believe that shareholders will benefit when stakeholders needs and concerns are more integrated in strategic decision making. This recognizes the complexity and interdependence of the organization and its stakeholders, including shareholders, and is in line with the importance of quality connections with the larger community Balance theory of wisdom proposes that people are wise to the extent they apply their intelligence, creativity, and wisdom toward a common good by balancing their own interests, the interests of others and the interests of organization; over the long and short terms; through the infusion of values, to adapt, to shape and select environments. CSR: the integration of social and environmental concerns in the daily operations and in the interactions with stakeholders on a voluntary basis. Specific challenges for managing business that arise from doing business in other countries Although legal restrictions present difficulties for international managers, the most challenging adjustments for management are the different political structures, economic conditions, culture-driven codes of ethics and localized customs that have been established in the country they decide to do business. Before proceeding with the idea of doing business in another country, it needs to assess the economic condition that exists in the market. It is imperative to have prior knowledge about the return for your investment in the country you are considering. More importantly, international companies are confronted with a variety of decisions that create ethical dilemmas for decision makers; committing an act that is unacceptable in the home country might be expected and necessary in the host country. For example, in a country where political structures put limitations on certain business transactions, bribes will be offered to government officials to speed up the approval process. When your company makes such payments, it is encouraging a local system of corruption through unethical behavior, which is not always considered illegal. Smaller gifts, of a size that would not normally influence a major decision, are considered ethical in some societies and may be legal under local and U. S. laws. c. Examples and details from case (Weight: 40%): about 1. 5 page 3 examples of unethical behavior 1. Delaying manufacturing equipment to reduce costs (built reputation from using latest equipment and top-grade raw materials) (Jiaxong’s plan) (denied that there was risk) 2. Extending long-term credit and signing secret agreements with distributors to buy-back anything not sold within 12 months (daniel’s plan) (denied that there was risk) 3. Rating that Manfold Toy’s stock had outperformed (bribe by Daniel to Francis in Thailand) 4. Joseph and Ken’s relationship (Joseph sold Ken’s son vintage car at huge discount†¦Ken gave year end audit 5. Fred How does it violate my definition of good business ethics Weaknesses of corporate governance mechanisms Contributes to unethical behaviors described above Recommendations to strengthen governance features Keep the unique ethical climate of each market in mind when crafting your code of ethics to ensure that it is relevant to the international arena. Make adherence to the code a priority among executives and management to set an example for the rest of the organization. Post the code of ethics in high-traffic areas at the home office, branch offices and foreign subsidiaries. Ask managers to justify their ethical decisions in foreign markets according to the code of ethics to ensure that managers take it seriously. According to business-ethics. org, it is important to include international employees in the process of creating your ethics program. This will help to make your ethics programs as relevant as possible in foreign markets. Step 2 Follow local customs and traditions at your discretion. Decide on a case-by-case basis which local customs to follow and which to avoid when it comes to victimless issues. Use your code of ethics when dealing with humanitarian and environmental issues, such as child labor or deforestation, and use your discretion in issues such as bribery or wage considerations. You may, for example, decide to offer cash gifts to government officials in a country where there is no other reasonable way to gain a foothold in the market, but you may decide not to enter a country if raw materials must be gained through suppliers who use indentured labor. Related Reading: How to Measure Employee Ethical Standards Step 3 Apply your standards equally in all markets, and among all subsidiaries. Stick to your standards, whatever they are. If you have a policy of following your home countrys ethical standards around the world, be prepared to turn down opportunities in markets with unfavorable ethical climates. Respond courteously and respectfully if you do have to turn down an opportunity. Do not act superior or derisive when turning down unethical opportunities; simply explain that your companys code of ethics forbids you to engage in that type of behavior, and that you would like to keep the business relationship intact for future opportunities. If your policy is to take local customs into consideration when making ethical decisions, do not shun a country immediately because of differences from your home country. Make sure that all managers and decision-makers understand your commitment to ethical standards. Step 4 Make company-wide ethics training a regular activity, in addition to administering comprehensive ethics training programs for new hires. Use training sessions to highlight actual areas of concern in your organization, citing specific examples as often as possible. How will they correct these unethical behaviors and practice ethical business management in the future?

Qualitative Research Focuses and Systematic Investigation

Question: Discuss about the Qualitative Research Focuses and Systematic Investigation. Answer: Introduction: The term Research means a systematic investigation of any particular topic from various sources like published journals, books, news, etc in order to add up to the already existing facts or to establish some new points in that topic. According to most of the people this activity is not pursued by common people in their daily life. People with outstanding gift of intelligence and high level of focus and commitment are only being able to take up research. It can be argued that even people who are not possessing the above mentioned quality but are trained with an enquiring mind can take up research (Howard and Sharp 1983: 6). According to this book, the term research has been defined as a methodical process by which one can increase their knowledge and also can help others to boost their knowledge by adding up a different insight or non-trivial solution to the matter. Drew (1980) connotes that the purpose behind carrying out research is to expand knowledge ad solve problems (p. 4). He stresses on the point that research being a systematic way to conduct enquiry or even ask questions (p. 8). The most important part of a project is not its title, study or inquiry but the stylized systematic approach taken to complete the project. There is need for thorough planning and a way to keep a proper track of the data collected for the purpose. There is a demand of good supervisor in the academic field as books cannot be the substitute of a supervisor. If a person can get the heck of the basic techniques and approaches, then they can use their tutorial time optimally. Research approach: There are a varied number of ways, traditions or styles by which data can be collected for the purpose of research. None of the methods have been officially rejected or prescribed in conducting the research. The data collected can be of quantitative or qualitative type. The quantitative data gives results a generalized results by comparing different sets of facts collected for the research. Qualitative research focuses on particular issues. They are more concerned with the qualitative insight of the matter. Qualitative researchers doubt the existence of social facts. They also have the notion that scientific approach is not justifiable while dealing with human beings. Often it has been seen that a researcher use multiple method to establish his view, like a qualitative analysis can be backed by a quantitative support. There is no rule that once a technique is chosen, the researcher cannot digress from the foresaid technique and apply other techniques. There are various types of resea rches like qualitative, ethnographic, quantitative and even survey. Each type of methods has its own pros and cons and carried out in certain different context. The different types of information required to complete a project mainly determines the methodology used in the same. In this paper a brief notion of varied styles of research will be discussed for others to apply in their investigation.

Cool Tips to Keep Your Essay Interesting - Podcast

A paper that is attractive and easy to read will often be received more favorably. When we write we want to attract the grader’s attention to the things we did well and to the aspects of our writing that deserve marks. When our writing is unattractive and difficult to read, we can do exactly the opposite. I know, from my personal experience in marking massive mountains of text, that boring, obtuse work can be exhausting to mark. Decent points that might well deserve positive attention can be lost. So, what is good for your writing is also good for your grader and what is good for your grader is good for your results. Let’s get started and look at 5 good tips that will improve the attractiveness of your writing and give you better results. Listen to our podcast on this topic: 1. KISS: Keep it Simple, Stupid This is a mantra repeated in many spheres where information sharing is critical, such as in the military and high-level business. Likewise, there are good reasons for its importance in the academic world. Unnecessary complication is often seen as time wasting, at best, or obfuscation, at worst. Obfuscation is when meaning, or a lack of it, is hidden under excessive complexity. It is not smart to try to sound smart. Intelligence does not necessarily translate into great writing. However, trying to persuade your reader that you are clever or that your argument is sound by using excessively complex sentences and ‘smart’ words from the thesaurus will take the greatness out of your essay. The smartest way to write is to express your arguments clearly and as simply as possible, while maintaining a formal style. Notice that simplicity and clarity will allow you to deliver your argument with greater persuasive power. You want to be succinct and engaging, and you want your points to be easy to identify and critique. You can’t hide a lack of argument underneath mountains of words and a maze of complex clauses. It is just boring and frustrating. 2. Trim the Fat. Do you have a word limit that you need to meet? Some students tend to ‘pad’ their papers when they have run out of ideas. This tip runs on from the previous, but it is so important that it deserves its mention. It is better to fall below your word count than to stretch your sentences out with lengthy explanations and strings of words which don’t add anything to the strength of your argument. This is called ‘padding.’ It is obvious to the reader, boring and a waste of time. 3. Attitude Attitude Attitude If you come to a task without interest, you are setting yourself up to write an uninteresting essay. Your attitude filters through your writing. A writer needs to sell their subject and support their arguments. Fostering some enthusiasm for the topic will make this much easier to achieve. Natural interest might not be your immediate response to the task, but an interested writer makes for interesting writing. Consider finding some interesting facts connected with the topic. Look for examples of how people's understanding of the topic has had some practical effect on the world, for better or worse. It can be a good idea to include some of these real world examples to demonstrate your interest and encourage your reader’s interest. Search the internet for people who show their interest in the topic on forums and blogs; attempt to relate to their interest. Form an opinion and do not be afraid to show that you have one. Make a decision that yours is an interesting topic and decide that it is fun to write about, at least until you have submitted the paper. Choose your attitude. 4. The Golden Thread I like to imagine a golden thread when I am writing or marking papers. The golden thread is the coherent progression of logic that takes the reader from your introduction of the topic, through the construction of your arguments and leads them to your conclusion. The first step to spinning a nice golden thread is your plan or outline. Identify the foundational concepts and decide which parts of the argument build upon which. Some concepts may depend on others to be established, and others add something important if included at the right moment. The primary tools which we use to deliver our thread of logic are topic sentences, closing sentences and linking words. Topic sentences express to our reader that our paragraphs do not stand alone but demonstrate how our main ideas lead into or build upon others. Linking words are also a vital part of how we tie our ideas together. Too many students use linking words such as ‘insomuch,’ ‘nevertheless’ and ‘moreover’ as ‘smart’ words which they think will make their writing sound more formal. Understand the linking words you use and employ them in specific ways to guide your reader to see your perspective on the relationship between ideas. Linking words, and topic and closing sentences, are the keys to threading a valuable strand of logic through your essay. However, another hint to help you sew your thread through your work is not to start with the introduction. Try starting with your arguments, or body paragraphs. Write your introduction after reflecting on the end result of your efforts. Use it to sell your overarching argument and to highlight the golden thread the reader can expect as they follow your train of thought. Then, after everything, write your conclusion. The conclusion should be a reflection of the introduction. In the introduction you told the reader about the logical progression you would use to make your argument and in the conclusion you need to summarize how you achieved the goals you set out in the introduction. You tell the reader exactly how your ideas will tie together, you link them all together through the paper, and then explain how your progression of ideas worked to articulate your argument. This is when you have come full circle and achieved the symmetry and coherence required to write an attractive essay. 5. Color Your Writing; Water Colors Flow Better. Dry writing with a monotonous rhythm does not a formal piece of writing make. While I don’t suggest using a thesaurus with the intention of finding ‘clever’ words, it is great to learn new words so that you don’t have to keep repeating the same word countless times. Avoid using the clichà ©d turns of phrase that everyone else has already worn out and certainly don’t use the same phrase twice in a paper. Sometimes your sentences will be long but break them up whenever you can. Vary your sentence structure so that the rhythm of the text does not become as predictable as a metronome. Try employing figurative speech by illustrating ideas with metaphors and analogies. Have you ever tried using rhetorical questions to invite your reader to think with you? Diversity and variation are the spices of life. Even an argument we don’t agree with can be interesting to read if the argument is compelling. Even a dry topic can be engaging if we show the reader why we are interested and sell it as an idea worth a thought or two. Even repetition, when avoided, can surprise a reader and give a reason for interest. Even you can write an attractive and interesting essay if you think about your reader and try using some of these tips.

How to Format Reader-Friendly Headlines

How to Format Reader-Friendly Headlines How to Format Reader-Friendly Headlines How to Format Reader-Friendly Headlines By Mark Nichol The headline of a piece of content is the reader’s invitation, so make it inviting in form as well as content. Using all capital letters is overbearing; choose between headline style (capitalizing initial letters only in words representing major parts of speech) or sentence style (initial caps only for the first word and proper nouns). Using uppercase initial letters in every word is not advisable, because words of one to three letters can look awkward when formatted that way. Headlines should be noticeably larger than the running text (the main body of copy) and other headings but not so large that they are out of proportion to them. (A range of two to five times the size of the running text is best.) Notice how newspapers and magazines use especially large headlines only for highly significant or catastrophic events. The headline font should be different than that of the running text, and I recommend reversing the serif/sans serif (â€Å"no serif†) style as well. (Serifs are appendages that extend the strokes on some letters; the headline and running-text font on this site has almost no serifs only the letter t has a â€Å"foot† while the lettering in the site’s text ads, resembling the type in most newspapers, is serif.) Notice also how the headline type’s color differs from the black type of the running text and matches the site’s color scheme. For an organization’s publications (reports, print and email newsletters, etc.) or for organizational or individual websites, it’s best to create a template in which headlines are always the same font, font style, and color. Various articles can have headlines with different point sizes (generally, the larger the article, and the higher it appears on the page, the larger the headline’s point size should be), but if every issue of your newsletter or every page on your website has the same layout, maintain consistency across iterations. Print publications have traditionally utilized one of three approaches for wording headlines to draw readers in: what I call the statement headline, the phrase headline, and the concept headline. The statement headline, employed in news articles and on many content websites, is formatted like a sentence and straightforwardly tells readers what to expect (â€Å"Grammar Guru Offers Advice on Formatting Headlines†). The second style, also used widely in print and online journalism (especially editorials, features, and how-to articles) and on the Internet, is an incomplete sentence that nevertheless conveys the gist of the content to follow (â€Å"How to Format Reader-Friendly Headlines†). The third format uses wordplay to evoke the subject of the material below the headline while entertaining the reader (â€Å"Tips for Top Type†). It’s the most creative alternative, and therefore my favorite, but it should be used with caution in creating online headlines because it’s not as search friendly as the other methods (though my example does include two keywords). It’s fine to mix and match these styles in one publication or on one website, but keep the content type and the tone of the piece in mind when choosing from among them. For more tips on how to craft headlines, go to this post. Read this post instead for general advice on creating inviting Web sites. I’ll follow up with a piece about other display type (subheads and captions) next week. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Is She a "Lady" or a "Woman"?List of 50 Great Word Games for Kids and AdultsKn- Words in English

Coca Colas Marketing Strategy Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Coca Colas Marketing Strategy - Case Study Example The Coca Cola Company is one of the world’s leaders in soft dink sales. It produces and distributes several brands of beverage internationally. The company also manufactures and distributes many fruit juices and other non soda beverages. It is based in Atlanta, Georgia. Coca-Cola’s soft drinks include its flagship product Coca-Cola, popularly known as Coke, Diet Coke, Tab, Sprite, Fanta, Fresca, the Mello Yello, and Barq’s root beer. The company’s nonsoda beverages include Minute Maid fruit juices, PowerAde sports drinks, and Nestea iced tea drinks. (Microsoft Encarta, 2006)Â  Invented by a pharmacist named John Stith Pemberton in 1886 and was the later bought by Asa Candler in 1889 who incorporated the Coca Cola Company in 1892. Coca Cola currently offers nearly 400 brands in over hundreds of countries and territories all over the world. According to the 2005 Annual Report of the company, it sells beverage product in more than 312 countries. It further s tates that of the more than 90 billion beverage servings of all types consumed worldwide everyday and that approximately 4.5 billion of beverages owned and licensed to the company. Also, according to the 2007 Annual Report, Coca Cola had gallon sales of 37% in the United States, 43% in Mexico, Brazil, Japan and china and 20% spread throughout the world. (Wikipedia, 2008)Â  Like any other companies, Coca Cola has also been involved in a number of controversies, issues and lawsuits.... Throughout the paper, COCA COLA Company is used as the main focus and object of discussion. The company's marketing strategies and techniques will be reviewed and analyzed and will be use as examples and citations. The paper aims to answer questions such as how do Coca Cola's marketing strategies and techniques contribute to its growth and success What is the impact of marketing strategies in an organization on the 21st century and in future years 2.0 Coca Cola's Marketing Strategy: A Case Analysis 2.1 Company Background The Coca Cola Company is one of the world's leaders in soft dink sales. It produces and distributes several brands of beverage internationally. The company also manufactures and distributes many fruit juices and other non soda beverages. It is based in Atlanta, Georgia. Coca-Cola'ssoftdrinks include its flagship product Coca-Cola, popularly known as Coke, Diet Coke, Tab, Sprite, Fanta, Fresca, Mello Yello, and Barq's root beer. The company's nonsoda beverages include Minute Maid fruit juices, PowerAde sports drinks, and Nestea iced tea drinks. (Microsoft Encarta, 2006) Invented by a pharmacist named John Stith Pemberton in 1886 and was later bought by Asa Candler in 1889 who incorporated the Coca Cola Company in 1892. Coca Cola currently offers nearly 400 brands in over hundreds of countries and territories all over the world. According to the 2005 Annual Report of the company, it sells beverage product in more than 312 countries. It further states that of the more than 90 billion beverage servings of all types consumed worldwide everyday and that approximately 4.5 billion of beverages owned and licensed to the

Disscision questions american history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Disscision questions american history - Essay Example A separate village, ten miles away, was established due to the large inflow of inhabitants in the town. The villagers were unhappy with the governance of the town and demanded independence from the town. The town authority, however, did not want to lose the fertile taxable province and resented their demand. There was revolt against the ministers appointed by the town from 1672-1688. During this time, three ministers presided over the affairs of the village. During the reign of the fourth minister, there was widespread revolt against the town’s involvement in the affairs of the village. The priests of various New England colonies began to accuse Salem of revolting against the will of God. In 1692, the first traits of witchcraft appeared against these socioeconomic uneasiness, affecting the children. The family of the minister was the first to be deceased. The difference between the town and village and their urge to gain independence were the prime factors in the spread of wit chcraft in the region. (Trask) The US economy would have crumbled if not for the efforts of visionaries like Alexander Hamilton and James Madison. Hamilton arrived in the scene of American politics in its nascent stage in 1787. The previous Article was put up for discussion in 1787 by the thirteen states. Hamilton, representing New York, proposed the election of Governors and senators, which were opposed by the other members. A separate constitution was proposed with the powers being vested on executive, judicial and legal branches. Most of the states did not sign on it. At this juncture, Hamilton with James Madison and John Jay wrote 85 essays known as â€Å"The Federalist†. The essays underlined the importance of the constitution and they played an important part in achieving the support from the states. Hamilton met again in the next convention and persuaded other states to sign on

Protein Concentration in Food: Changes over Time

Protein Concentration in Food: Changes over Time Sou, Oi Ying   Food processing practical report Ultra filtration UF Experimental data Medium inlet pressure(bar) exit pressure(bar) Average pressure(bar) Pressure Difference(bar) Temperature Retentate flow rate(Ls-1) Flux rate(Ls-1) A. Flux rate with water Cold water 3 1 2 2 18.7 0.053 12.8 4 2 3 2 19.7 0.053 20.3 5 3 4 2 20.5 0.0605 29.3 6 4 5 2 21.4 0.053 37.6 7 5 6 2 22 0.0605 46 4 3 3.5 1 22.6 0.0189 22.6 4.5 2.5 3.5 2 23.5 0.0151 30 5 2 3.5 3 24 0.098 27.3 5.5 1.5 3.5 4 24.6 0.1286 26.6 6 1 3.5 5 25 0.1428 27 Discussion During ultrafiltration, molecules in solution are separated based on size using membranes (filters) of different pore sizes. Also, the feed stream is continuously re-circulated across the membranes with the primary objective of removing excess water and buffer from the feed stream. The simplest ultrafiltration setup consists of a vessel to hold the retentate and a pump to recirculate the product over the membranes. According to the experimental results, temperature increased when average pressure and pressure different are increasing. About retentate flow rate, it only affected by increasing the pressure different but not average pressure. Also, flux rate of cold water only affected by increasing average pressure while it seems remain constant by increasing pressure different. Ultrafiltration of skim milk Because rejection = , Cf is the concentration of any component in the feed and Cp is the concentration of that component in the permeate. So, the result is in below table.       Concentration of skim milk time(min) pressure(bar) temp(oC) permeate flux rate(Ls-1) Retentate solids% Retentate protein % Retentate lactose % 0 6,2 42 10 0.5 3.38 4.67 15 6,2 38.6 8.666666667 4 4.02 4.66 30 6,2 36.1 7 4.5 5.04 4.76 45 6,2 37.8 6.666666667 5 6.5 4.87 60 6,2 41.7 6 5 8.6 4.82 75 6,2 45.2 5.333333333 5.5 11.4 4.8 Calculation: 4   (initial factor for protein) Use this information to show protein concentration changes with time and how the flux rate change with protein concentration, and explain any other findings. With respect to flux behaviour, the retentate and permeate fluxes decrease over time at different operating pressures during filtration. The filter medium resistance increases linearly with the filtration time at different operating pressures during concentration. Therefore, the permeation flux rate of skim milk will decrease with times. The major problem in membrane separation process is decline in flux over time of operation. This flux decline is attributed to the fouling (In this case, retentate solids and protein accumulated) through ultrafiltration of membrane. Membrane fouling is affected by three major factors, namely, the membrane material properties, the feed characteristics and the operating parameters (Platt Nystrà ¶m, 2007). Since we have known that retentate and permeate fluxes decline during concentration of milk was measured with time of process, the possible reason has been suggested. In early staged of milk ultrafiltration, the characteristics of proteinaceous foulants and flux, and adsorption fouling is probably the primary mechanism of flux decline. Reverse Osmosis RO experimental data Medium Pressure (bar) Temp(oC) return flow(Ls-1) Flux rate(Ls-1) Feed conductivity(uS) Permeate conductivity(uS) Cold water 10 17.7 0.312 0.012666667 920 44 20 19.1 0.028666667 958 29 30 20.3 0.075384615 999 19 40 21.7 0.072 1041 13 50 22.7 0.224 0.065333333 915 9 Estimate the power consumption for the highest pressure 1. Because pressure head = , g = 9.81m/s2, p1 = 0 and = 1ÃÆ'-103kg/m3 So, power = mass flow rate ÃÆ'- pressure head ÃÆ'- g = mass flow rate ÃÆ'- ÃÆ'- g = mass flow rate ÃÆ'- Because 1bar = 14.7psi = 105N/m-2 So the lowest power = 10bar = 10ÃÆ'-105N/m-2 = 1ÃÆ'-106N/m2, the highest power = 50 bar = 50ÃÆ'-105N/m-2 = 5ÃÆ'-106N/m2 P10 = mass flow rate ÃÆ'- =   = 312W P50 = mass flow rate ÃÆ'- = = 1120W Because rejection = , Cf is the concentration of any component in the feed and Cp is the concentration of that component in the permeate. So, the result is in below table.       Juice Pressure(bar) Temp.(oC) Flux rate(Ls-1) Retentate solids(%) Permeate solids(%) 10 15.7 0.017333333 5 0 20 18.7 0.016666667 5 0 30 20.1 0.110666667 5 0 40 21 0.116666667 5 0 50 22.6 0.278571429 5 0 0 min 50 26 0.257142857 5 0 5 50 26.2 0.03 13 0 10 50 23.6 0.02 15 0 15 50 23.2 0.013333333 22 0 20 50 25.7 0.014 21 0 25 50 29.7 0.009333333 26 0 30 50 33.3 0.005 30 0 35 50 36.4 0.002166667 22 0 Plot 1: flux rate curve of water and juice with pressure The flux of a RO membrane is directly proportional to temperature and pressure. According to the diagram, the flux rate pf water and juice are increasing because of the risen of pressure. In addition, the flux rate of water should be higher than the flux rate of juice at the same pressure condition because of the viscosity. However, it is not an experiment in ideal condition. In these two trial, the temperature of two sets of experiments are slightly different which might affect the result and difficult to compare. Plot2: Temperature of juice and cold water against pressure Is there any change of temperature during this procedure? If so, why? The effect of temperature on membrane performance is the vital indicator. Energy consumption is increased as the applied pressure increases (Elimelech, M., Phillip, W. A, 2011). Under the same pressure, temperature of juice and cold water are both increasing with the risen pressure, therefore, we can state that pressure increased, temperature increased at the same time. It is because the energy for processing juice have been dissipated. How do the permeate flux rate and retentate solids change with time? Plot 3: flux rate curve of juice with time Plot4: Retentate solids of juice against time Base on the result, the osmotic pressure of a solution is related to the concentration of the solute and temperature. They are in proportional relationship. The flux rate of juice decreases with increasing retentate solid concentration. However, the acidic properties of juice might lower the rate of process. Because it would cause the membrane imperfections. From some studies, it revealed that higher the number and concentration of low molecular weight water soluble components in the raw juice, higher processing loss in reverse osmosis (Jiao, B., Cassano, A., Drioli, E., 2004). Permeate flux is a function of feed concentration. Feed concentration differs with membrane and permeate flux is a function of feed concentration. As feed concentration increases, permeate flux decreases and vice versa (Jayaraman, K. S., Das Gupta, D. K., 1992). Given by graph, the flux rate of juice is almost approach zero after 35mins. It is because the concentration of retentate solids have been accumulated by time. The reason is that the increase of retentate solids (foulants), which accumulated on the membrane would stop the process until it cleans. Plot 5: Temp of juice against time The average processing capacity can be increased by temperature rise of feeding material. Relationship of soluble solids and sugar was slightly increased. At higher temperature, the membrane permeability coefficient is higher, the diffusivity coefficient in the solution increases and the viscosity coefficient decreases. The average processing capacity can be increased with the increased temperature of feeding material. The relationship between soluble solids and sugar increased slightly under higher temperature condition. At higher temperatures, the membrane permeability coefficient is higher, the diffusion coefficient in the solution increases and the viscosity coefficient decreases (Ghosh, A. K., Jeong, B. H., Huang, X., Hoek, E. M., 2008). Therefore, in our experiment, the temperature of juice is increasing by times. Use the sugar concentration data to estimate the rejection for sugar and compare this to the ideal situation In ideal condition, the speed of permeation of solvent depends upon the pressure applied, provide that the concentration of the solute constant and thus the osmotic pressure of the solution remains constant. For an ideal situation, the flux is linear to the pressure of feed. Also, requirements of ideal membrane are as follows: (i). The highest possible water permeability (ii). Greatest possible selectivity (iii). High pressure resistibility (iv). Reasonably long life when using in production (Martin, M., Eon, C., Guiochon, G, 1975) However, in our experiment, that is not in an ideal condition. The concentration of retentate solids are increasing and the membrane blocked to stop the process after 40 mins. Therefore, the rejection for sugar would happen when the foulants are on the membrane and not allow the juice pass through anymore. In this case, it happened at 40 minutes in the process. The flux rate is almost dropped to 0%. In normal industry, there are cleaning process to ensure the whole process are keep running and would not be stopped. References:         Ã‚   Bahnasawy, A. H., Shenana, M. E. (2010). Flux behavior and energy consumption of ultrafiltration (UF) process of milk. Australian Journal of Agricultural Engineering, 1(2), 54. Younos, T., Tulou, K. E. (2005). Energy needs, consumption and sources.  Journal of Contemporary Water Research Education,  132(1), 27-38. Jimenez-Flores, R., Kosikowski, F. V. (1986). Properties of ultrafiltered skim milk retentate powders.  Journal of Dairy Science,  69(2), 329-339.1 Jiao, B., Cassano, A., Drioli, E. (2004). Recent advances on membrane processes for the concentration of fruit juices: a review. Journal of food engineering, 63(3), 303-324.Al-Mutaz, I. S., Al-Ghunaimi, M. A. (2001, October). Performance of reverse osmosis units at high temperatures. IDA. Jayaraman, K. S., Das Gupta, D. K. (1992). Dehydration of fruits and vegetables-recent developments in principles and techniques. Drying Technology, 10(1), 1-50. Ghosh, A. K., Jeong, B. H., Huang, X., Hoek, E. M. (2008). Impacts of reaction and curing conditions on polyamide composite reverse osmosis membrane properties. Journal of Membrane Science, 311(1), 34-45 Elimelech, M., Phillip, W. A. (2011). The future of seawater desalination: energy, technology, and the environment. science, 333(6043), 712-717. Martin, M., Eon, C., Guiochon, G. (1975). Study of the pertinency of pressure in liquid chromatography III. A practical method for choosing the experimental conditions in liquid chromatography. Journal of Chromatography A, 110(2), 213-232. Contamination Level of Mold: Entero Bacteriaceae Family Contamination Level of Mold: Entero Bacteriaceae Family Chapter III   METHODOLOGY 3.1. Introduction The research methodology used a qualitative approach. The study has been conducted in November 2016 in Bandung city. The survey, observe and microbiology contaminant sampling was collected from food vendors premises as the study population. The study design used to evaluate knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) and contamination level of mold also Entero Bacteriaceae family. In addition, socio-demographic questions and others premise information that can be predicted factors for understanding the relationship between food vendors characters.   Furthermore, support from the local government as a regulatory role on food street activities was investigated to identify and to understand how to enhance better implementation in food hygiene. 3.2 Methodology Design and Study Instrument 3.2.1 Methodology design The data survey presented the understanding, behavior, and implementation of hygiene practice by food vendor premises. The aspects were all assessed as follow: Knowledge; an assessment of hygiene practice knowledge was carried out using an interview survey. Attitude; Likert 5 points agree-disagree questions were asked for measuring the food handlers attitude. Practice; an observational study of food hygiene was used in the assessment. This audit used the score for measuring of its implementation. Microbiological contaminations sampling; an investigate study of cleanliness of cooking utensil. The presence of an implementation of regulatory aspects of street foods. The social demographic questions and food premises information were also surveyed to explore the characteristics of respondents. 3.2.2 Study Instrument In this present study, we used a constructed questionnaire based on the references. This questionnaire consist of (1) General questions regards to social demographic characteristics, (2) Food premises information (3) Knowledge, Attitude, Practice questions (4) The presence of an implementation of regulatory aspects. Socio-demographic questionnaire as a complementary questionnaire consists of factors predicted that influence on respondents (food street vendors) knowledge, behavior and practice on food safety and hygiene which are constructed based on literature such as age, sex, marital status, education level, number of employment, employee type (self employer/ employee), how long they have been a seller and also their profit per day. Food premises information showed the premises condition and type of food that sale, food preparation, food packaging material, type of facilities (i.e stall, mobile street vendors, tend, stand, or handed), and also hour length of sale. The knowledge questionnaire, consists of 10 questions containing multiple choices questions, was giving to respondent for reviewing their awareness on food hygiene. The questions concerning knowledge about food hygiene from storage, cleanness, preparation and personal hygiene linked to transmission of microorganisms, and respondents were asked to choose one answer from among three options. The questions of attitude consist of 10 questions. The answer options for these question used Likert scales ranging from 1 (very disagree) to 5 (very agree) to show a subjective response on their agreement on food hygiene implementation. The scores for attitude were similar with the range from 1-5, the higher score represents better manner on food hygiene. The scores for practice on food hygiene were calculated from 50 questions based on an audit that observed on premises. The appearance of reducing cross contamination on food handlers/vendors was noted e.g. personal hygiene, food storage, pest control and utensil/ equipment. The source of water supply was investigated also the ice (whether commercially bought or self-made). The presence of food exterior facilities and sanitary utilities was determined e.g. availability of toilets, adequate washing facilities, sink, surface, waste, and food packaging. The availability of cool storage/refrigeration storage was also checked. For microbial contaminant testing, VBRG dip slide type was used to determine whether there is evidence of entero bactericeae and mold in the food street premises e.g. cutting board, utensil, plate, glass and other food equipment. 3.3 DataCollection An interview survey was carried out in one sub-district in Bandung city in November 2016. The minimum number of food street vendors was randomly selected as much as the result from prior validation questionnaire tests. The validation of questionnaire process has been conducted in July 2016 in Bandung city for improving the questionnaire and determining the appropriate sampling size also an area which should be chosen. The sample size minimum required for the study are calculated based on as the result of the prior validation study. Based on the level of significant of 5% with a confidence interval of 95%, 253 premises/ respondents are needed for this study. In this cross-sectional study, we surveyed 272 respondents from one sub-district. Face to face interview was conducted in November 2016 by using Bahasa/Indonesian language and common Sundanese language as an ethnic language in the study area. All study instruments were in Bahasa/ Indonesia version and interview were taken on their premises. The study was supported by assistant researchers, as interviewers, who had food science background and understood both languages. The interviewer had been trained with regard to study such as food safety in a brief view, how to conduct the survey, interview method, study instrument, and ethical requirement including informed consent. The interviews were set in respondents premises to easier for answering the questions and to observe their practice on food hygiene. Informed consent form was read out by the interviewer. The interview taken as well as the respondents   were agreed to participate, questions were read out   by interviewers, and interviewers also marked the answer on the questionnaires instruments. The interviewe rs also acted as an auditor for observing the hygiene practice on their premises and recorded into practice audit sheet. Sampling for determining microbial contamination used a dip slide that consists two agar sides, the first side the red side was used to confirm the presence of Entero Bacteriaceae family and the second side that flaxen color for mold. The sampling procedures were: Remove the dip-slide from the tube by pulling the plastic tab at the top of the dip-slide. Take care not to allow the dip-slide agar (the jelly type substance on each side) to hit the edge of the clear plastic tube. Place dip slide agar down onto the surface, and make sure the entire agar has full contact with the surface.   Keep the agar applied to the surface for approximately 20 seconds, then turn over to the other side and apply the other agar to the surface. Replace the dip-slide into the sterile plastic tube taking care not to damage the agar. Next, place the dip-slide tube into a dip slide incubator at 37 0C or warm place. The incubation period is 2- 3 days for bacteria. The optimum temperature for most mold/yeast is from 27 0C to 30 0C and the incubation time is 2 7 days. After 3 days, generally, both of results were read and recorded. Bacteria present in the sample liquid will grow and form colonies. The selective agar for Entero Bacteriaceae colonies will appear in red. A bacterial reference chart is used to determine the number of bacteria in the sample. The bacteria reference level has five charts that showed how many colony-forming-unit( CFU)/cm2 e.g. 2.5 (very slight growth), 12 (slight growth), 40 (moderate growth), 100(heavy growth) and 250 (very heavy growth). While the evidence of mold form appears in the furry colony. The chart of mold consists of slight (0.4), moderate (1.6) and heavy (4). 3.4 Statistical analysis Food safety knowledge scores for the respondents were, calculated based on the multiple choice answer from   each question, only for the items of correct answers was assigned a score: +1 and 0 in the case of dont know/wrong option. For ten attitude questions were calculated from the Likert scale point 1-5, for question number 2, 6 and 9, the reversible point was used to calculate the point because it was a negative question. The answers were classified as +1 point when the auditor/interview found out the correct evidence on respondents premises and 0 points when they failed to find it. However, not available marked for a respondent who did not have the correlation item with the type of food. The total percent score for the respondents attitude was then calculated by sum up all score in total. Statistical analysis of the association between Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) questionnaire answers, social demographic characteristics and food information also microbial contamination level were carried out to determine the relationship between them and explore the pattern. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 20. Based on the level of significant of 5% with a confidence interval of 95%, all analyses were considered statistically significant at P ≠¤ 0.05. The descriptive analysis, Fishers χ square test, was performed to describe socio-demographics characteristics of the respondents. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t-test was used for comparing mean scores between all factors and observing the relationships between KAP and predicted factors that may influence on KAP. Furthermore, to investigate whether this relationship systematically varied by specific socio-demographic characteristics for Independent variables included age, gender, and education level, and work experience, type of job which was full time or part time and having attended courses on food hygiene were conducted. Ethicalconsiderationreview This study has approved by Ethics Committee of the University of Birmingham, School of Chemistry Engineering, United Kingdom. The identity of respondents will be treated securely and the outcome only will be used for academic purpose. The researcher and university supervisor will keep all data collection with confidential care. Chapter IV RESULT 4.1 Sociodemographic We obtained 272 responses from one area, 269 participants have completed the questions (response rate= 98.89%). Distribution of some socio-demographics characteristics respondents described in Table 1. Variable category Number % Gender Male 205 76.21 Female 64 23.79 Age group (years) Teen(15-24) 42 15.61 Young people (25-40) 102 37.92 Mature (41-60) 119 44.24 Elderly (> 60) 6 2.23 Marital Status Married 216 80.30 Unmarried 53 19.70 Education Level No Schooling 5 1.86 Elementary school 71 26.39 Junior High School 99 36.80 High school 78 29.00 Diploma 10 3.72 Graduate 6 2.23 Profit per day (IDR) < 50 K 17 6.32 50   100 K 131 48.70 101   200 K 64 23.79 201 300 K 26 9.67 301 400 K 9 3.35 > 401 K 22 8.18 Eat your own product Never 13 4.83 Rarely (1 4 times a month) 68 25.28 Sometimes (1-4 times a week) 75 27.88 Often (> 4 times a week) 35 13.01 Very often (every day) 78 29.00 Job type Part time 5 1.86 Full time 264 98.14 4.2 Food premises information